Chili pepper contains a compound called capsaicin, which is mainly responsible for its pain-relieving properties. Capsaicin works by interacting with sensory neurons in the body, especially those involved in the transmission of pain signals. Here’s how it works:

Activation of TRPV1 receptors: capsaicin binds to TRPV1 receptors located at the end of the sensory nerve and activates them. These receptors play a role in detecting and regulating temperature and feeling pain. When capsaicin binds to TRPV1 receptors, it causes the initial sensation of heat or burning. However, with repeated exposure, capsaicin desensitizes these receptors, leading to reduced pain sensitivity over time.
Depletion of substance P: substance P is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in transmitting pain signals to the brain. It has been shown that capsaicin reduces the level of substance P in nerve cells and thus reduces the transmission of pain signals. This reduction of substance P contributes to the long-lasting analgesic effects of capsaicin.
Modulation of inflammatory mediators: It has been discovered that capsaicin prevents the production and release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and prostaglandins, which play a role in the inflammatory response. By reducing inflammation, capsaicin can reduce pain associated with inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and muscle pain.
Release of endorphins: Capsaicin has been shown to stimulate the release of endorphins, which are natural pain-relieving compounds produced by the body. Endorphins bind to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord and produce analgesic effects similar to narcotic drugs.
In general, the main active ingredient of chili pepper, capsaicin, exerts its pain-relieving effects through multiple mechanisms, including activation of TRPV1 receptors, depletion of substance P, modulation of inflammatory mediators, and release of endorphins. These mechanisms contribute to capsaicin’s ability to relieve various types of pain, including nerve pain, arthritis, and muscle pain.